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Physics Principles with Applications
Found in: Page 230
Physics Principles with Applications

Physics Principles with Applications

Book edition 7th
Author(s) Douglas C. Giancoli
Pages 978 pages
ISBN 978-0321625922

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Short Answer

A 23.0-kg backpack is suspended midway between two trees by a light cord as in Fig. 9–51. A bear grabs the backpack and pulls vertically downward with a constant force, so that each section of cord makes an angle of 27° below the horizontal. Initially, without the bear pulling, the angle was 15°; the tension in the cord with the bear pulling is double what it was when he was not. Calculate the force the bear is exerting on the backpack.

The force that the bear is exerting on the backpack is \({\rm{566}}\;{\rm{N}}\).

See the step by step solution

Step by Step Solution

TABLE OF CONTENTS :
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Step 1: Meaning of translational equilibrium

A body is supposed to be in translational equilibrium when the summation of all the forces acting on the object is equivalent to zero.

Step 2: Given information

Given data:

The mass of the backpack is \(m = 23.0\;{\rm{kg}}\).

The final angle made by the cord with the horizontal is \(\theta = 27^\circ \).

The initial angle made by the cord with the horizontal is \({\theta _{\rm{o}}} = 15^\circ \).

Step 3: Evaluation of the initial tension in the cord

The free-body diagram for the initial condition of the system can be drawn as follows:

Here, \({F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}}\) is the initial tension in the cord.

Apply the force equilibrium condition along the vertical direction.

\(\begin{array}{c}\sum {F_{\rm{y}}} = 0\\2{F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}}\sin {\theta _{\rm{o}}} - mg = 0\\2{F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}}\sin {\theta _{\rm{o}}} = mg\\{F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}} = \frac{{mg}}{{2\sin {\theta _{\rm{o}}}}}\end{array}\)

Substitute the values in the above equation.

\(\begin{array}{c}{F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}} = \frac{{\left( {23\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)\left( {9.8\;{{\rm{m}} \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {{\rm{m}} {{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}}}} \right.} {{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}}}} \right)}}{{2\sin \left( {15^\circ } \right)}}\\{F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}} = 435.4\;{\rm{N}}\end{array}\)

Step 4: Evaluation of the force exerted by the bear

The tension in the cord with the bear pulling is doubled. Therefore, the relation between the initial tension and final tension can be written as follows:

\({F_{\rm{T}}} = 2{F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}}\)

The free-body diagram for the final condition of the system can be drawn as follows:

Here, \({F_{\rm{T}}}\) is the final tension in the cord, and \({F_{{\rm{Bear}}}}\) is the force exerted by the bear.

\(\begin{array}{c}\sum {F_{\rm{y}}} = 0\\2{F_{\rm{T}}}\sin \theta - mg - {F_{{\rm{Bear}}}} = 0\\2\left( {2{F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}}} \right)\sin \theta - mg - {F_{{\rm{Bear}}}} = 0\\{F_{{\rm{Bear}}}} = 2\left( {2{F_{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{o}}}}}} \right)\sin \theta - mg\end{array}\)

Substitute the values in the above equation.

\(\begin{array}{l}{F_{{\rm{Bear}}}} = 2\left[ {2 \times \left( {435.4\;{\rm{N}}} \right)} \right]\sin \left( {27^\circ } \right) - \left( {23\;{\rm{kg}}} \right)\left( {9.8\;{{\rm{m}} \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {{\rm{m}} {{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}}}} \right.} {{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}}}} \right)\\{F_{{\rm{Bear}}}} = 565.26\;{\rm{N}} \approx {\rm{566}}\;{\rm{N}}\end{array}\)

Thus, the force that the bear is exerting on the backpack is \({\rm{566}}\;{\rm{N}}\).

Most popular questions for Physics Textbooks

(II) A 15-cm-long tendon was found to stretch 3.7 mm by a force of 13.4 N. The tendon was approximately round with an average diameter of 8.5 mm. Calculate Young’s modulus of this tendon.

You can find the center of gravity of a meter stick by resting it horizontally on your two index fingers, and then slowly drawing your fingers together. First the meter stick will slip on one finger, and then on the other, but eventually the fingers meet at the CG. Why does this work?

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(II) A 75-kg adult sits at one end of a 9.0-m-long board. His 25-kg child sits on the other end. (a) Where should the pivot be placed so that the board is balanced, ignoring the board’s mass? (b) Find the pivot point if the board is uniform and has a mass of 15 kg.

(II) The subterranean tension ring that exerts the balancing horizontal force on the abutments for the dome in Fig. 9–34 is 36-sided, so each segment makes a 10° angle with the adjacent one (Fig. 9–77). Calculate the tension F that must exist in each segment so that the required force of \(4.2 \times {10^5}\;{\rm{N}}\) can be exerted at each corner (Example 9–13).
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