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AP2.25

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The Practice of Statistics for AP
Found in: Page 465
The Practice of Statistics for AP

The Practice of Statistics for AP

Book edition 4th
Author(s) David Moore,Daren Starnes,Dan Yates
Pages 809 pages
ISBN 9781319113339

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Short Answer

AP2.25. Five cards, each with a different symbol, are shuffled and you choose one. If it is the diamond, you win $5.00. The cards are reshuffled after each draw. You must pay $1.00 for each selection. You continue to play until you select the diamond. Is this a fair game (that is, on averagewill you win the same amount as you lose)?

(a) Describe how you will carry out a simulation of this game using the random digit table below. Be sure to indicate what the digits will represent.

(b) Perform 10 repetitions of your simulation. Copy the random digit table onto your paper. Mark on or above the table so that someone can follow your work.

12975 13258 13048 45144 72321 81940 00360

02428 96767 35964 23822 96012 94591 65194

50842 53372 72829 50232 97892 63408 77919

44575 24870 04178 81565 42628 17797 49376

61762 16953 88604 12724 62964 88145 83083

69453 46109 59505 69680 00900 19687 12633

57857 95806 09931 02150 43163

(c) Based on your simulation, what is the average number of cards you would need to draw in order to obtain a diamond? Justify your answer.
(d) Is this a fair game (that is, on average will you win the same amount as you lose)? Explain your reasoning.

(a) Since, 5is the maximum number, only one digit is required. If the number is 0-4, the cards will be selected; otherwise, it will continue on to the next random number.

(b) Performed 10 repetitions of simulation as:

Repetition 1: 1, 2,1,3,2,1,3,0,4 (Stop at 4). Length: 9. Profit =5-9=-4

Repetition 2: (continue where left off) 4 (stop). Length =1, Payout =5-2=4

Repetition 3: 1, 4 (stop). Length =2, payout =5-3=3

Repetition 4: 4 (stop). Length =1, payout =5-1=4

Repetition 5: 2,3,2,1,1,4 (stop). Length. Payout =5-6=-1

Repetition 6: (stop), length =8, payout =5-8=-3

Repetition 7: 2,3, 4 (stop). Length =3. Payout=5-3=2

Repetition 8: 2,3,2,2,0,1,2,4 (stop). Length =8. Payout =5-8=-3

Repetition 9: 2,3,2,2,0,1,2,4 (stop). Length =8. Payout =5-8=-3

Repetition 10: 1,1,4 (stop). Length =3. Payout =5-3=2

(c) The average number of simulation is 4.9 draws.

(d) The simulation supports this, and it would be a fair game.

See the step by step solution

Step by Step Solution

TABLE OF CONTENTS :
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

To describe how the random digit table will be used to simulate this game. And then to indicate what the digits will represent.

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

Since the five cards are shuffled, each with a different symbol, and you must choose one. Will win if it's a diamond.As a result, a simulation of this game will be run using a random digit table, as the labels will be assigned according on the order in which they appeared in the image, but this will be arbitrary.So, for each form, you'll need numeric labels first.Therefore,
Star =0, Hexagon =1, Circle =2, Triangle =3, Diamond =4Because 5 is the maximum number, only one digit is required.
If the number is 0-4, the cards will be selected; otherwise, it will continue on to the next random number.

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

To perform 10 repetitions of the simulation. And to copy the random digit table onto the paper.

Part(b) Step 2: Explanation

The question asks to shuffle five cards, each with a different symbol, and choose one. Diamond will be victorious.As a result, the payout each repetition will equal the number of random numbers minus from the number of draws.If it takes three draws, for example, 5-3=2.If ten draws were required, 5-10=-5.This is because you must pay 5 for each selection and receive 5 at the end of the game.So, after each repetition, a card will be picked, followed by the next random number until a diamond is drawn.The payments for each iteration will be calculated.And, as previously stated, the digits 5-9 are not included (a).

Part (b) Step 3: Explanation

Asa result,

Repetition 1: 1,2,1,3,2,1,3,0,4 (Stop at 4). Length: 9 . Profit =5-9=-4
Repetition 2: (continue where left off) 4 (stop). Length =1, Payout =5-2=4Repetition 3: 1,4 (stop). Length =2, payout =5-3=3Repetition 4: 4 (stop). Length =1, payout =5-1=4Repetition 5: 2,3,2,1,1,4(stop). Length =6. Payout =5-6=-1Repetition 6: 0,0,0,3,0,0,2,4 (stop), length =8, payout =5-8=-3Repetition 7: 2,3,4 (stop). Length =3. Payout =5-3=2Repetition 8: 2,3,2,2,0,1,2,4 (stop). Length =8. Payout =5-8=-3Repetition 9: 2,3,2,2,0,1,2,4 (stop). Length =8. Payout =5-8=-3Repetition 10: 1,1,4 (stop). Length =3. Payout =5-3=2.

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

To justify the answer that based on the simulation, and find the average number of cards would need to draw in order to obtain a diamond.

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

The question asks to shuffle five cards, each with a different symbol, and choose one. If it's a diamond, you will win.As a result, named the number of cards in each simulation length.To calculate the average, put all ten repetitions together and divide by 10. And the total length of the previous section is 49.So, having,Average length=4910

=4.9

As a result, the average number of simulation is 4.9 draws.

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

To explain with reason that this is a fair game, that is, on average will win the same amount as lose.

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

The question states that five cards are shuffled, each with a different symbol, and we must choose one. We win if it's a diamond.

As a result, we will use the simulation findings to address this question. We'd like to increase the repeat sizes in order to achieve a more precise answer. While the data is sampled at random, the sample size is small enough that sampling error could be significant.

And the decision rule would be that we would break even if we drew an average of five cards per game. We drew roughly 4.9 cards on average based on our simulation results. We'd say this is close to 5 because we drew 4.9 cards on average.

We'd have a 1 in 5 chance of acquiring the diamond if the numbers were genuinely random, and the expected loss would be zero. The simulation supports this, and it would be a fair game.

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