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Problem 555

Let \(a, b, c\) be the lengths of the sides of a triangle and let \(\theta\) be the angle opposite the side of length \(c\). Find the differential do and approximate c when \(\mathrm{a}=6.20, \mathrm{~b}=5.90\), and \(0=58^{\circ}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
In conclusion, the differential \(dc \approx 6.142\) and the approximate length of side \(c\) when \(a = 6.20\), \(b = 5.90\), and \(\theta = 58°\) is \(c \approx 5.42\) units.
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Step 1: Write the Law of Cosines for the given triangle.

Let's write the Law of Cosines for the triangle with sides a, b, and c, and angle θ opposite to side c: \(c^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2} - 2ab\cos \theta\)

Step 2: Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to θ.

Now, we differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to θ: \(\frac{d}{d\theta}(c^{2})= \frac{d}{d\theta}(a^{2} + b^{2} - 2ab \cos \theta)\) Using the chain rule and noting that a and b are constants, we have: \(2c\frac{dc}{d\theta} = 2ab\sin \theta \frac{d\theta}{d\theta}\) The dθ/dθ term is equal to 1, so our equation becomes: \(2c\frac{dc}{d\theta} = 2ab\sin \theta\) Now, let's solve for dc: \(\frac{dc}{d\theta} = \frac{ab\sin \theta}{c}\)

Step 3: Calculate the approximate value of c using the given values of a, b, and θ.

Using the given values of a = 6.20, b = 5.90, and θ = 58°, we can plug these values into the relation found in Step 1: \(c^{2} = 6.20^{2} + 5.90^{2} - 2(6.20)(5.90)\cos(58°)\) Calculating these values, we get: \(c² = 38.44 + 34.81 - 2(6.20)(5.90) \cos(58°) ≈ 38.44 + 34.81 - 43.879 \) \(c² ≈ 29.371\) Now, we find the square root of c² to get the value of c: \(c ≈ \sqrt{29.371} ≈ 5.42\)

Step 4: Calculate the value of dc using the found value of c and the given values of a, b, and θ.

Now we can plug in the values of a, b, c, and θ into the relation found in Step 2 to find the value of dc: \(\frac{dc}{d\theta} = \frac{(6.20)(5.90)\sin(58°)}{5.42}\) Calculating this value, we get: \(\frac{dc}{d\theta} ≈ \frac{36.58}{5.42} ≈ 6.142\) In conclusion, the differential dc is approximately 6.142, and the approximate length of side c when a = 6.20, b = 5.90, and θ = 58° is 5.42 units.

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