World War II was a pivotal time in the history of the United States and would shape the remainder of the twentieth century. But originally, the country was reluctant to join the fight. Why was that? What was the final straw that pushed the Americans to join the allies in Europe? How did the US help Britain during the war? And how did the US contribute to the war effort abroad? Let's examine the answers to these questions and more in this explanation.
Explore our app and discover over 50 million learning materials for free.
Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persönlichen Lernstatistiken
Jetzt kostenlos anmeldenNie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen.
Jetzt kostenlos anmeldenWorld War II was a pivotal time in the history of the United States and would shape the remainder of the twentieth century. But originally, the country was reluctant to join the fight. Why was that? What was the final straw that pushed the Americans to join the allies in Europe? How did the US help Britain during the war? And how did the US contribute to the war effort abroad? Let's examine the answers to these questions and more in this explanation.
In the wake of World War II and the Great Depression of 1929-39, the United States of America adopted an isolationist policy that stressed neutrality, non-intervention, and disarmament.
Despite the country's intentions, adherence to these policies soon became impossible. Escalating tensions in the European and Pacific theaters meant that conflict was unavoidable. With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States officially entered World War II.
Isolationism - foreign policy based on non-intervention and remaining neutral in conflicts with other countries, preferring to focus on domestic issues.
Year | Event |
1938 | Hitler annexed Austria and Sudetenland. He made a pact with Britain and France known as the Munich Pact, which allowed him to keep Sudetenland if he promised not to expand any further. |
1939 | Hitler and Mussolini created the "Rome-Berlin Axis Military," which allied Germany with Italy. Japan joined the Axis powers, causing trade sanctions in which the US refrained from exporting valuable resources such as gasoline and iron, items crucial to their expansion into China. Hitler broke the non-aggression pact by invading Poland, causing France and Britain to enter the war. |
1940 | Alarmed by Germany's successful European expansion, the US decided to assist England by reinforcing its military after Hitler's armies seized France in June. |
1941 | The US policy of isolationism began to collapse. The American military constructed a base in Greenland and, along with Britain, created The Atlantic Charter, a mission statement outlining the common purpose of fighting a common enemy, fascism. Though not officially part of the war effort, the US began to gun down German U-Boats in the Atlantic. On December 7, the Japanese attacked the US base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack killed over 2,000 people, with more than 1,000 injured. At this point, the US entered World War II. |
1942 | President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which forced the Japanese to be taken from their homes and incarcerated in intern camps or pogroms. Roosevelt also created the War Production Board in this year to coordinate the mobilization of the military. |
1943 | Roosevelt established the Office of War Mobilization. The Allies invaded Italy. |
1944 | Allied forces invaded German-occupied Western Europe at Normandy. This is the infamous D-Day. |
1945 | Battles continued between the Allies and Japan in Okinawa and Iwo Jima. In March, the Manhattan Project came to fruition, and the United States dropped atomic bombs (Fat Boy and Little Man) on Hiroshima and Nagasaki civilian cities, leveling both. On May 8, the Allies declared victory. |
Franklin Delano Roosevelt served as America's President from March 1933 to April 1945; his role was, therefore – in line with the country's non-interventionist policy post-World War – to at first avoid bringing America into the war effort. Roosevelt confirmed this by passing a series of neutrality laws through Congress. 1935 the Neutrality Act was signed into law. This law declared that the US would not ship arms to either aggressor or victim in an armed international conflict. At the time, Italy was threatening to attack Ethiopia. Further, the Spanish Civil War was in full sway, but additional neutrality legislation was passed, preventing the Americans from intervening. The fascist side in that conflict, led by Francisco Franco, had the full support of Hitler and Mussolini.
In 1937, China invaded Japan, again bringing up the issue of an intervention by the Americans. The public strenuously disagreed with this idea, and there was an immense backlash. Roosevelt then trained his focus again on domestic defense.
In 1939, World War II began in earnest as Germany invaded Poland. With this development, the Neutrality Act was revised to allow France and Britain to purchase arms from the US to replenish the munitions supplies that had been depleted at Dunkirk, Normandy,
Tensions that had been simmering on the continent were beginning to boil, and it appeared that entering the war would become a certainty despite the neutrality and non-intervention policies. 1940 was an election year, and the looming war became a considerable point of contention. While many Americans supported England's fight against the Nazis, they did not want their own country to participate. Roosevelt told his constituents just before re-election: "Your boys aren't going to be sent into any foreign wars."
Sadly, this would prove not to be the case. In the form of sanctions, the Americans banned the import of aviation gas and much-needed scrap metal to the Japanese. Moreover, the US openly supported the exit of Japan from China. The Japanese took these acts as the Americans throwing down the gauntlet. The Japanese responded by attacking Pearl Harbor on December 8, 1941. This became the official date of America's entry into World War II, a day that, according to pundits, would "live in infamy."
The attack on Pearl Harbor damaged the US fleet of warships, with over 300 planes lost. There were over 2,000 lives lost, and over 1,000 were injured. On December 8, 1941, the US declared war on Japan and became allied with Britain and France. In response, Italy and Germany officially declared war on the United States.
One of the biggest contributions the US made to the war was that of production. Though unprepared for the challenges of a sudden and unexpected war, the Roosevelt regime quickly prioritized consolidating raw materials. They made purpose-built synthetic rubber factories where goods were produced. Gasoline and clothing were rationed based on the number of family members in a home.
By 1944 US production rates were more than double that of all the allied countries. While their husbands were being drafted or shipped abroad into the theatre of war, 12 million American women went to work in factories. The name "Rosie the Riveter" became synonymous with women who entered the workforce doing labor traditionally reserved for men, breaking new ground and shedding old stereotypes.
At this juncture, America entered a dark and shameful chapter in its history, the full scope of which only later became apparent. Executive Order 9066 was put into effect by President Roosevelt. This order effectively relocated and incarcerated 120,000 people of Japanese descent, who were then placed in internment camps, depriving them of their human rights. Two-thirds of these prisoners were US citizens. These residents of the West Coast lost their homes and livelihoods, even though the FBI had already arrested all those suspected of wrongdoing.
During World War II, America underwent several salutary social and economic changes that would persist after the war. The presence of women and minorities in social life, as well as that of underaged folks and seniors, increased significantly during the war. African-Americans, especially, made great strides in gaining rights and a place in public life.
Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802 in 1941. This order offered protection to minorities against discrimination in job training programs. In 1941, Roosevelt helped form the United Nations and 26 ally countries. In 1945, delegates from 50 nations signed a charter to make the UN permanent.
Just before the end of the war, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at the Yalta Conference in Crimea, discussing how Germany would be divided among the allies and reminding Stalin of his promise to join the US in the war against Japan. Roosevelt died in April 1945. On September 2, 1945, the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending the war.
On December 7, 1941, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.
The US had of late pursued a policy of isolation and non-intervention to avoid the catastrophes that had befallen them in WWI.
Yes. On December 7, 1941, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the US entered WWII.
The US began by helping the British reinforce their military.
The US contributed through military might and firepower, shoring up the British military and dropping the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
When did America officially enter WWII?
With the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
What was the the main cause of the attack on Pearl Harbor?
America's decision to cut off Japan's oil supply.
Which country immediately allied with America after the attack?
Great Britain
After WWI, America focused on neutrality and isolationism.
True.
The US finally entered WWII in 1941 after the Japanese surprise attack on_____________.
Pearl Harbor.
Who was president during WWII?
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Already have an account? Log in
Open in AppThe first learning app that truly has everything you need to ace your exams in one place
Sign up to highlight and take notes. It’s 100% free.
Save explanations to your personalised space and access them anytime, anywhere!
Sign up with Email Sign up with AppleBy signing up, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and the Privacy Policy of Vaia.
Already have an account? Log in
Already have an account? Log in
The first learning app that truly has everything you need to ace your exams in one place
Already have an account? Log in